Cocobolo, scientifically Dalbergia retusa, is a tropical hardwood from the rosewood family (Fabaceae), native to Central America, primarily found in countries like Mexico, Panama, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua. It grows in dry tropical forests, often reaching 50–65 feet tall with trunk diameters of 1–2 feet, though its slow growth and heavy harvesting have made large specimens rare.
The heartwood of Cocobolo is renowned for its vibrant, multi-hued appearance, ranging from deep reds and oranges to purples, browns, and blacks, often with striking streaks or variegated patterns that shift as the wood oxidises over time—freshly cut, it may start bright orange, then darken to a rich reddish-brown. The sapwood is a pale yellow, sharply distinct. The grain is typically straight to interlocked, with a fine, even texture and a high natural lustre that gives it a glassy, polished look when finished.
Cocobolo has a density of around 950–1,200 kg/m³, making it extremely hard, heavy, and durable—one of the densest woods available. It’s highly resistant to moisture, insects, and natural decay, thanks to its rich oil content, which also contributes to its smooth, waxy feel. These oils can make gluing challenging, often requiring a solvent like alcohol to clean surfaces before bonding, and they may interfere with some finishes, though oil-based or wax finishes work well. The wood machines and turns beautifully, but its hardness dulls tools quickly, and its fine dust can be an irritant, potentially causing allergic reactions like dermatitis or respiratory issues in some individuals.
When worked, Cocobolo emits a pleasant, floral, and spicy aroma, reminiscent of rosewood, which lingers in the finished piece. It’s prized for high-end applications like musical instruments (e.g., guitar fingerboards, marimbas), knife handles, gun grips, luxury furniture, and small turned objects like pens or bowls. Its rich colour and grain make it a favourite for decorative inlays and jewellery as well.